Background and Objectives: The advent of multi-source generic drugs has exacerbated the prevalence of drugs and the spread of counterfeit and sub-standard drugs requiring increased vigilance and collaboration from drug regulatory authorities. Post-marketing surveillance (PMS) of medicines therefore plays an important role in detecting poor quality products on the market. Risk-Based Post-Market Surveillance (RB-PMS) RB-PMS helps optimize resource utilization and create sustainable post-market surveillance programs that are integrated and implemented as a key regulatory function. Methods: The survey concerned points of sale identified by a Technical Working Group in certain geographical areas according to risk-based approaches applied in the selection of the type of drugs to be targeted. It took place from September to December 2021 and aimed to assess the quality of antimalarial and MNCH medicines. Results: A total of 320 samples were taken and analyzed according to a risk-based protocol, of which 306 were compliant with a rate of 96% against 14 were non-compliant or 4% (P=0,05). Non-compliant drugs were from both the public and private sectors. We found that 84% of drugs were unregistered among which antimalarials were the least registered drugs with a rate of 66% against 34% for MNCH drugs and came mainly from India and China. Conclusion: The RB-PMS allows the optimization of health resources in LMIC. In view of its scientific nature, this sampling and analysis technique must be made permanent to ensure health and guarantee access to quality medicines for the health and well-being of populations.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder which is accompanied by several health-related challenges. Nutritional and gastrointestinal problems are common among individuals with ASD. Gut microbiota imbalance may be a reason of nutritional problems including food selectivity and restricted dietary intake. Nutritional problems and gut microbiota imbalance can increase behavioral symptoms which may increase the possibility and necessity for medication. It has been suggested that some medications, may increase the risk of metabolic impairments including glucose homeostasis abnormality, insulin resistance and/or diabetes. In this manuscript, we hypothesized that gut microbiota improvement via probiotic consumption, may improve GI problems and modify behavioral symptoms, which seems to manage medication prescription necessity.

This study examines the effects of Cashew nut shell methanol extract (CNSME) on hematology, antioxidant parameters and histopathology in lungs and liver of rats. Forty-five male Wistar rats were used for the study, being divided into nine groups - A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I (five rats per group). The groups were orally intubated with corn oil (Control), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 mg/kg of CNSME, respectively, every other day. After twenty-eight days, the rats were sacrificed under chloroform anesthesia. Blood was collected into EDTA bottles for determination of red blood cell (RBC) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Lungs and liver were excised and divided into two portions each. One portion was fixed in 10% formalin for histology, while the other was processed into homogenates for spectrophotometric assays of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. The CNSME slightly reduced RBC, and increased MCH levels relative to controls. Both SOD and catalase were increased in lungs and liver, and reduced in liver and lungs, respectively by CNSME against controls. Rats given 250 and 400 mg/kg of CNSME showed degenerated pulmonary parenchyma in lungs, whereas liver showed heamoragic congestion in central venules, pyknotic hepatocytes and fibrosis. These lesions were not observed in controls and rats given 50 mg/kg of CNSME. In conclusion, high doses of cashew nut shell methanol extract could induce cytological damage in lungs and liver of rats via redox disruption, without any adversely effect on the red blood cell groups.

Aim: To investigate the hepatotoxicity of graded doses of ethanol extract of Dialium guineense stem bark in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 35), which weighed between 160 and 180 g (mean weight = 170 ± 10 g) were assigned to seven (7) groups (5 rats per group). Group I rats served as control, while those in groups II - VII received graded doses of extract (200 - 5000 mg/kg body weight, bwt) for 28 days. Liver function tests (LFTs) were carried out. Results: There were no significant differences in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) among the groups (p > 0.05). While there were no significant differences in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) in groups II – V (p > 0.05), they were however, significantly increased in groups VI and VII, when compared with control group (p < 0.05). Similarly, there were no significant increases in the concentrations of albumin, total protein, globulins, bilirubin and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma of rats treated with graded doses of ethanol extract, relative to the control group (p > 0.05). In all instances, the basal activities and concentrations of the measured indices of liver function were not significantly different from the values after treatment (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The graded doses of ethanol extract of D. guineense stem bark did not elicit any deleterious effects on liver function indices.

The present study investigated the nephrotoxic effect of aqueous extract of Dialium guineense stem bark in normal Wistar albino rats. Thirty-five male rats were used. Graded doses of the extract ranging from 200 to 5000 mg/kg body weight, bwt, were administered to the test rats daily for twenty-eight days. The control rats received distilled water. Thereafter plasma levels of creatinine, urea, electrolytes and urease activity were determined. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of the measured renal parameters, when compared with control group (p > 0.05). These results appear to suggest that the extract may be safe at concentrations not exceeding 5000 mg/kg bwt. However, further studies spanning several months may be necessary.

Introduction: Endometriosis is a difficult to diagnose condition, and chronic disease of the females associated with severe, debilitating pain during periods, sexual intercourse, bowel movements and/or urination, pelvic pain, abdominal bloating, nausea, fatigue, with likely consequential anxiety, depression and infertility. Several therapeutic options are available for patients which are time consuming and with varying results. This paper presents a case of Yoga Prana Vidya system healed patient, who achieved success overcoming endometriosis, conceived normally and delivered a healthy baby. Method: This is an in-depth case study going through patient’s full details before and through long- term YPV intervention, medical test reports and patient feedback. Results: The patient was given continued YPV healings over a period of 3 years and 8 months, from diagnosis to confirmed pregnancy, conceived normally without need of IVF. She delivered a healthy baby, and a follow up after 2 years confirmed that the mother had no pain, nor other health issues, and the baby too found healthy without any health issues. Conclusions: It is noted from this study that long-term application of YPV system protocols have worked well in eliminating endomtriosis, achieving natural pregnancy with trouble free delivery. With decades of experience, YPV system has been established as a no-drug no-touch and safe modality with holistic health of patients.There is a need for more research and awareness globally to ensure effective prevention, early diagnosis, and improved management of endometriosis.

This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical properties of ibuprofen emulsions formulated using Moringa oleifera seed oil as the oil phase. Moringa oleifera seeds were de-hulled, dried ad pulverized into powder. A 100 g quantity was extracted by Sohxlet extraction using petroleum ether. The extracted moringa seed oil was characterized based on refractive index, specific gravity, ash and moisture content. It was used to prepare ibuprofen emulsions using the wet gum method. The prepared emulsions were evaluated based on physicochemical properties such as pH, viscosity and organoleptic properties. The extracted oil was golden yellow in colour with characteristic odour. It has refractive index, density, and specific gravity of 1.461±0.002, 0.92±0.01 g/dm, and 0.92±0.01 respectively. The ash and moisture contents were 2.86% and 6.42% respectively. The pH of the prepared ibuprofen emulsions were between 4. 9±0.00 and 5.2±0.01 even after 4 weeks of stability study. The viscosity of the emulsions ranged from 1500±0.00-2500±0.01 mPas even after 4 weeks stability study. All the emulsions were the oil-in-water type. Stable ibuprofen emulsions were formulated using moringa seed oil as the oil phase and either acacia or Tween 80 as the emulsifying agent. The emulsions were comparable in physicochemical properties and stability to those prepared using arachis oil as the oil phase.